Prices for these grocery items have spiked highest since the war began

Grocery prices climbed at their fastest rate in nearly four years, putting increased pressure on Americans’ wallets at a time when many are already feeling pessimistic about the economy.

Prices for groceries spiked in April, according to data released Tuesday by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, while broader inflation reached its highest level in nearly three years, as the effects of the war in Iran start to weigh on the U.S. economy.

Relentlessly climbing energy costs, coupled with tariffs and ongoing agricultural and farming issues, mean grocery bills are rising quickly and might continue for months. Costs spiked especially for a few key staples of Americans’ diets, including fresh produce and beef.

Tomato prices soared 15 percent in April compared with a month ago and are up nearly 40 percent in the last year. The red fruit is facing a barrage of hits, including the rising price of diesel caused by energy shocks from the war in Iran. With the Strait of Hormuz still closed, the global oil market is in turmoil, and prices for refined products, including gasoline and diesel, are sharply rising.

Tomatoes, as well as other produce, are often transported in refrigerated trucks powered by diesel. Tomatoes from Mexico are also subject to a tariff of about 17 percent, making prices rise in the United States especially fast in the winter months of imported tomatoes.

Climate change has also affected tomatoes. Mexico has had an especially rainy season and dealt with crop disease. And Florida’s tomato supply was constrained following winter frosts.

Climate issues also continue to push up coffee prices, which are still feeling the effect of high tariffs in place last year.

And the rising energy costs are weighing on other produce moved by diesel refrigerated trucks, with prices for fruits and vegetables climbing more than 6 percentage points in the last year.

Prices for Americans’ beloved beef surged in April and are up nearly 15 percent over last year. Beef costs have been rising sharply for more than two years as U.S. demand for the meat remains strong.

President Donald Trump’s administration postponed signing an executive order that would have reduced beef tariffs Monday night, according to the Wall Street Journal.

Americans are embracing meat as a protein craze sweeps the country, and federal health officials have attempted to emphasize the nutritional value of red meat. Demand for beef is also rooted in a certain nostalgia, said William Masters, a professor of food policy and economics at Tufts University.

“The beef craze is clearly a cultural signal about all the things that beef is associated with,” he said, including masculinity and a macho view of the West.

At the same time, beef ranchers are dealing with smaller cattle herds, constraining supply and pushing prices up.

Overall, grocery prices are up more than 18 percent since January 2022. And the energy shocks from the war are only just now starting to be felt on supermarket shelves. Economists expect the effects to become clearer in the coming months and even into next year.

Fertilizer prices have been heavily affected by the war but won’t be significantly felt in the United States until next year because many farmers had locked in prices before the conflict began.

Still, the food price shocks shouldn’t be as dramatic and widespread as those felt in 2022 after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, said David Ortega, a food economist and professor at Michigan State University. That region is a significant producer of grain.

But the inflation this time differs from rising prices after the pandemic, Masters said. In 2022, people had saved money after saving while in the pandemic lockdown and could more easily absorb some of the demand-fueled inflation. Now, supply costs are driving the increases.

“Here, there’s not even the higher paychecks to cushion the blow,” he said.